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"HOUSTON, STATION ON SPACE TO GROUND."

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WELCOME TO SPACE TO GROUND, I AM KAYLA LAFRANCE.

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THIS WEEK THE ORBITING LABORATORY WELCOMES

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A NEW VISITOR WITH LOTS OF NEW SUPPLIES.

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"LIFTOFF OF ANTARES!"

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ON SATURDAY, THE NORTHROP GRUMMAN

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CRS-14 CYGNUS SPACECRAFT SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED

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FROM NASA’S WALLOPS FLIGHT FACILITY IN VIRGINIA.

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CARRYING NEARLY 8000 LBS OF HARDWARE AND SUPPLIES,

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THIS MISSION MARKS THE 14TH FLIGHT OF CYGNUS

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AS A COMMERCIAL CARGO PROVIDER

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TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.

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AFTER A JOURNEY OF 56 HOURS,

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CYGNUS REACHED THE ORBITING LABORATORY

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AND NASA ASTRONAUT CHRIS CASSIDY USED THE
STATION’S

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CANADARM 2 TO REACH OUT AND GRAB THE VEHICLE,

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ALLOWING GROUND TEAMS TO MANEUVER AND BERTH

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THE SPACECRAFT AT UNITY’S NADIR PORT.

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THE CARGO CRAFT, NAMED THE S.S. KALPANA CHAWLA

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IN HONOR OF THE FIRST WOMAN OF INDIAN DESCENT

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TO GO TO SPACE, WILL STAY ATTACHED TO THE
SPACE STATION

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UNTIL MID-DECEMBER.

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MEANWHILE AT BAIKONUR,

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FINAL PREPARATIONS ARE UNDER WAY

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FOR THE NEXT FLIGHT TO THE SPACE STATION.

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NASA ASTRONAUNT KATE RUBINS

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AND HER RUSSIAN CREWMATES ARE CONCLUDING

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THEIR PRELAUNCH ACTIVITIES, BEFORE LAUNCHING

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FROM THE COSMODROME FOR A SIX-MONTH MISSION
ABOARD THE ORBITING LAB.

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THIS FLIGHT, SCHEDULED FOR LIFTOFF ON WEDNESDAY,

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WILL BE QUICK.

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THE TIME FROM LAUNCH TO DOCKING

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WILL BE JUST OVER THREE HOURS, ABOUT THE SAME
TIME

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IT TAKE FOR A COMMERICAL AIRLINER TO FLY

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FROM SEATTLE TO MINNEAPOLIS.

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BE SURE TO TUNE IN TO NASA-TV

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AND THE AGENCY’S WEB SITE ON OCTOBER 14TH,

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AND FOLLOW THE FLIGHT.

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ALSO, WE INVITE YOU TO CHECK OUT

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THE LATEST EDITION OF “HOUSTON, WE HAVE
A PODCAST”.

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BEFORE HER UPCOMING MISSION,

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ASTRONAUT AND MICROBIOLOGIST KATE RUBINS

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SAT DOWN WITH OUR GARY JORDAN TO TALK ABOUT

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A WIDE ARRAY OF SUBJECTS,

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INCLUDING BEING THE FIRST PERSON TO SEQUENCE
DNA IN SPACE.

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THIS WEEK’S QUESTION COMES FROM GUY ETHRIDGE,

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WHO WANTED TO KNOW IF A POWERFUL SPEAKER

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INSIDE THE ISS, MOUNTED TO AN INNER WALL,

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CRANKED TO 11,

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COULD CREATE A MEASURABLE THRUST AGAINST THE
ISS?

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THIS IS A VERY INTERESTING QUESTION.

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IN SHORT, THE ANSWER IS NO,

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A SPEAKER PRODUCING SOUND WAVES

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COULD NOT BE USED TO CREATE THRUST

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AGAINST THE ISS, OR TO MOVE THE ISS.

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WE MOVE IN SPACE BY CREATING PRESSURE

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THROUGH EJECTING MASS.

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NEWTON’S 3RD LAW TELLS US

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THAT EVERY ACTION HAS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE
REACTION.

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THUS WE CAN CREATE THRUST OR MOVEMENT

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IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION WHEN

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WE EJECT MASS OUT OF AN ENGINE.

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WE CAN SEE THIS IN THE ROCKET THRUST EQUATION.

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A SOUND WAVE CAN BE REFERRED TO

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AS A PRESSURE WAVE BECAUSE IT CONSISTS OF

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A REPEATING PATTERN OF HIGH-PRESSURE

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AND LOW-PRESSURE REGIONS MOVING

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THROUGH A MEDIUM.

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HOWEVER, IN ORDER FOR SOUND TO MOVE,

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IT HAS TO HAVE A MEDIUM

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IN WHICH TO PASS THROUGH.

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SINCE SPACE IS A VACUUM,

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IT WILL NOT BE ABLE TO PROPAGATE OUT

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OF THE STATION TO CREATE MOVEMENT.

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THE SOUND FROM THE SPEAKERS

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WOULD PRODUCE VIBRATIONS THROUGHOUT THE HULL

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OF THE ISS THAT OUR SENSITIVE SENSORS WOULD
LIKELY DETECTED,

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BUT SINCE MASS IS NOT BEING EJECTED FROM THE
ISS

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DUE TO THE PRESSURE OF THE SOUND WAVES,

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IT WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO CREATE MOVEMENT,

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OR MEASURABLE THRUST.

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KEEP SENDING YOUR QUESTIONS USING